courses:203:wx_theory
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| ===== Composition of Atmosphere ===== | ===== Composition of Atmosphere ===== | ||
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| + | 21% Oxygen, 78% Nitrogen, and trace gasses | ||
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| + | **Troposphere** (surface to tropopause) - The altitude of the tropopause varies with | ||
| + | latitude and with the season of the year; therefore, it takes | ||
| + | on an elliptical shape as opposed to round. Location of the | ||
| + | tropopause is important because it is commonly associated with | ||
| + | the location of the jet stream and possible clear air turbulence. | ||
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| + | Stratosphere - from tropopause to 160,000ft. Generally stable. Very little weather. | ||
| ===== Characteristics of Various Air Masses ===== | ===== Characteristics of Various Air Masses ===== | ||
| + | {{:courses:203:tp-c-06-04.jpg?direct&400|}} | ||
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| + | {{:courses:203:tp-c-06-08.jpg?direct&400|}} | ||
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| + | {{:courses:203:tp-c-06-09.jpg?direct&400|}} | ||
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| + | {{:courses:203:tp-c-06-07.jpg?direct&400|}} | ||
| ===== Characteristics of Frontal Systems ===== | ===== Characteristics of Frontal Systems ===== | ||
| + | Frontal passage will be indicated by the following discontinuities: | ||
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| + | 1. A temperature change (the most easily recognizable discontinuity) | ||
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| + | 2. A continuous decrease in pressure followed by an increase as the front passes | ||
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| + | 3. A shift in the wind direction, speed, or both. | ||
| ===== Formation & Dangers of Thunderstorms ===== | ===== Formation & Dangers of Thunderstorms ===== | ||
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| ===== Formation of Fog & Clouds ===== | ===== Formation of Fog & Clouds ===== | ||
| + | Stability determines which of two types of clouds will be formed: cumuliform or stratiform. | ||
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| + | Cumuliform clouds are the billowy-type clouds having considerable vertical development, which enhances the growth rate of precipitation. They are formed in unstable conditions, and they produce showery precipitation made up of large water droplets. | ||
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| + | Stratiform clouds are the flat, more evenly based clouds formed in stable conditions. They produce steady, continuous light rain and drizzle made up of much smaller raindrops. | ||
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| + | The base of a cloud (AGL) that is formed by vertical currents (cumuliform clouds) can be roughly calculated by dividing the difference between the surface temperature and dew point by 4.4 and multiplying the remainder by 1,000. The convergence of the temperature and the dewpoint lapse rate is 4.4°F per 1,000 feet. | ||
| ===== Weather Hazards - Cold Weather Operation ===== | ===== Weather Hazards - Cold Weather Operation ===== | ||
courses/203/wx_theory.1519915011.txt.gz · Last modified: 2018/03/01 14:36 by evan
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