courses:206a:instrument_approaches
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courses:206a:instrument_approaches [2018/10/31 21:11] evan |
courses:206a:instrument_approaches [2019/04/26 15:27] (current) evan [Approach Procedures - VOR (In)] |
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| ===== Instrument Approach Checklists and Procedures (In) ===== | ===== Instrument Approach Checklists and Procedures (In) ===== | ||
| + | ===== The Approach Clearance ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Expect to be cleared to a "holding fix" and then recieve "cleared....approach." This removes the expectation to hold. The aircraft is then expected to begin the approach at the cleared holding fix via IAF or feeder route to IAF. | ||
| + | |||
| + | When cleared for the approach, the published feeder routes that lead from the enroute structure to the IAF are part of the approach clearance. (AIM 5-4-6) | ||
| + | |||
| + | "Maintain 2,700 until established, cleared ILS Runway 20 approach." | ||
| ===== Weather Requirements for Instrument Approaches (In) ===== | ===== Weather Requirements for Instrument Approaches (In) ===== | ||
| Line 54: | Line 61: | ||
| ===== Approach Procedures - ASR and PAR (In) ===== | ===== Approach Procedures - ASR and PAR (In) ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | AIM 5-4-11 states... | ||
| + | The only airborne radio equipment required for | ||
| + | radar approaches is a functioning radio transmitter | ||
| + | and receiver. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A radar approach may be given to any aircraft | ||
| + | upon request and may be offered to pilots of aircraft | ||
| + | in distress or to expedite traffic, however, an ASR | ||
| + | might not be approved unless there is an ATC | ||
| + | operational requirement, or in an unusual or | ||
| + | emergency situation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | PAR and ASR minimums are published on | ||
| + | separate pages in the FAA Terminal Procedures | ||
| + | Publication (TPP). | ||
| + | |||
| + | For our area, ASR approaches are available at BLV, CMI, and SPI. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A PAR approach is available at STJ (St. Josephs, MO) which is an ANG base, class D. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== PAR - Precision Approach Radar ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Both lateral and vertical guidance. Pilots are told when to turn to maintain alignment on the landing runway and when to begin a descent to maintain the glidepath required. Pilots will be advised to fly the missed approach, if needed. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== ASR - Surveillance Approach ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Less accurate radar used, no vertical guidance. Flown like a non-precision approach. Pilots are advised to descent to MDA or stepdown altitude by ATC. Pilots are advised to execute a missed approach at the MAP if needed. | ||
| ===== Approach Procedures - VOR (In) ===== | ===== Approach Procedures - VOR (In) ===== | ||
| + | See [[https://skyvector.com/files/tpp/1905/pdf/06351VDA.PDF|VOR-A Approach Sample]] | ||
| + | [[https://skyvector.com/files/tpp/1905/pdf/09119V24.PDF|PNT VOR 24]] | ||
| ===== Procedure Turn (In) ===== | ===== Procedure Turn (In) ===== | ||
| Line 70: | Line 109: | ||
| * Racetrack | * Racetrack | ||
| - | If a specific PT is depicted, the pilot MUST fly this procedure | + | If a specific PT is depicted, the pilot MUST fly this procedure. |
| + | |||
| + | <note tip>If the aircraft is cleared for a straight in approach, the PT is not to be flown.</note> | ||
| See ILS 20 MWA and [[https://skyvector.com/files/tpp/1810/pdf/00232IL18.PDF|ILS 18 LNK]] | See ILS 20 MWA and [[https://skyvector.com/files/tpp/1810/pdf/00232IL18.PDF|ILS 18 LNK]] | ||
| Exceptions will be noted as "No PT" on the approach plate -- [[https://skyvector.com/files/tpp/1810/pdf/00235VA.PDF|VOR-A (LNR)]] | Exceptions will be noted as "No PT" on the approach plate -- [[https://skyvector.com/files/tpp/1810/pdf/00235VA.PDF|VOR-A (LNR)]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | <note tip>FAR 91.175j states... In the case of a radar vector to a final approach course or fix, a timed approach from a holding fix, or an approach for which the procedure specifies "No PT," no pilot may make a procedure turn unless cleared to do so by ATC.</note> | ||
| ===== Radar Vectoring (In) ===== | ===== Radar Vectoring (In) ===== | ||
| Line 103: | Line 146: | ||
| * Runway not clearly defined on the airfield | * Runway not clearly defined on the airfield | ||
| + | Circling minimums provide 300ft of obstacle clearance within the radius above (AIM 5-4-5 e 2). | ||
| ===== Landing from an Instrument Approach (In) ===== | ===== Landing from an Instrument Approach (In) ===== | ||
| + | FAR 91.175c governs operations below DA or MDA... | ||
| + | To descend below DA or MDA, you must have one or more of the following in sight: | ||
| + | * The approach light system* | ||
| + | * The threshold. | ||
| + | * The threshold markings. | ||
| + | * The threshold lights. | ||
| + | * The runway end identifier lights. | ||
| + | * The visual approach slope indicator. | ||
| + | * The touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings. | ||
| + | * The touchdown zone lights. | ||
| + | * The runway or runway markings. | ||
| + | * The runway lights. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <note tip>If only the approach light system is in sight, the pilot may not descend below 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation using the approach lights as a reference unless the red terminating bars or the red side row bars are also distinctly visible and identifiable.</note> | ||
| ===== Approach Procedures - Missed Approach Procedures (In) ===== | ===== Approach Procedures - Missed Approach Procedures (In) ===== | ||
| Line 113: | Line 171: | ||
| When to initiate: | When to initiate: | ||
| - | * ILS/LPV -- at DA | + | * ILS/LPV -- at DA |
| - | * Non Prec -- at MDA + Time or Distance | + | * Non Prec -- at MDA + Time or Distance |
| ===== DME Arcs - Intercepting and Tracking (In) ===== | ===== DME Arcs - Intercepting and Tracking (In) ===== | ||
| Line 157: | Line 215: | ||
| MLS - Microwave Landing System | MLS - Microwave Landing System | ||
| + | ===== GPS Substitution ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://blog.aopa.org/aopa/tag/ils/|When to Switch to Green Needles]] | ||
courses/206a/instrument_approaches.1541020319.txt.gz · Last modified: 2018/10/31 21:11 by evan
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