topics:aeromedical
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topics:aeromedical [2018/08/20 15:15] evan |
topics:aeromedical [2018/08/22 20:55] (current) evan [Stress, Fatigue, and Dehydration] |
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| ===== Spatial Disorientation, Motion Sickness and Inflight Illusions ===== | ===== Spatial Disorientation, Motion Sickness and Inflight Illusions ===== | ||
| + | See [[topics:spatial_disorientation_illusions|Spatial Disorientation and Illusions]] | ||
| ===== Hypoxia, Hyperventilation, and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ===== | ===== Hypoxia, Hyperventilation, and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ===== | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
| ===== Oxygen Requirements ===== | ===== Oxygen Requirements ===== | ||
| + | See [[topics:oxygen_requirements|Oxygen Requirements]] | ||
| ===== Middle Ear and Sinus Problems ===== | ===== Middle Ear and Sinus Problems ===== | ||
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| fact that the partial vacuum tends to constrict the walls of | fact that the partial vacuum tends to constrict the walls of | ||
| the Eustachian tube. To remedy this often painful condition, | the Eustachian tube. To remedy this often painful condition, | ||
| - | which also causes a temporary reduction in hearing | + | which also causes a temporary reduction in hearing sensitivity, pinch the nostrils shut, close the mouth and lips, |
| + | and blow slowly and gently into the mouth and nose. | ||
| + | This procedure forces air through the Eustachian tube into the | ||
| + | middle ear. It may not be possible to equalize the pressure in | ||
| + | the ears if a pilot has a cold, an ear infection, or sore throat. | ||
| + | A flight in this condition can be extremely painful, as well as | ||
| + | damaging to the eardrums. If experiencing minor congestion, | ||
| + | nose drops or nasal sprays may reduce the risk of a painful | ||
| + | ear blockage. Before using any medication, check with an | ||
| + | AME to ensure that it will not affect the ability to fly. | ||
| + | In a similar way, air pressure in the sinuses equalizes with | ||
| + | the pressure in the flight deck through small openings | ||
| + | that connect the sinuses to the nasal passages. An upper | ||
| + | respiratory infection, such as a cold or sinusitis, or a nasal | ||
| + | allergic condition can produce enough congestion around an | ||
| + | opening to slow equalization. As the difference in pressure | ||
| + | between the sinuses and the flight deck increases, congestion | ||
| + | may plug the opening. This “sinus block” occurs most | ||
| + | frequently during descent. Slow descent rates can reduce the | ||
| + | associated pain. A sinus block can occur in the frontal sinuses, | ||
| + | located above each eyebrow, or in the maxillary sinuses, | ||
| + | located in each upper cheek. It usually produces excruciating | ||
| + | pain over the sinus area. A maxillary sinus block can also | ||
| + | make the upper teeth ache. Bloody mucus may discharge | ||
| + | from the nasal passages. | ||
| + | Sinus block can be avoided by not flying with an upper | ||
| + | respiratory infection or nasal allergic condition. Adequate | ||
| + | protection is usually not provided by decongestant sprays | ||
| + | or drops to reduce congestion around the sinus openings. | ||
| + | Oral decongestants have side effects that can impair pilot | ||
| + | performance. If a sinus block does not clear shortly after | ||
| + | landing, a physician should be consulted. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Decompression Sickness ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Stress, Fatigue, and Dehydration ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The body’s reaction to stress includes releasing chemical hormones (such as adrenaline) into the | ||
| + | blood and increasing metabolism to provide more energy to the muscles. Blood sugar, heart rate, respiration, blood | ||
| + | pressure, and perspiration all increase. The term “stressor” is used to describe an element that causes an individual to experience stress. Examples of stressors include physical stress (noise or vibration), physiological stress (fatigue), and psychological stress (difficult work or personal situations). | ||
| + | |||
| + | **Acute Stress** -- short term, "flight or fight" response. Normal person can cope with this stress and prevent overload. | ||
| - | Decompression Sickness | + | **Chronic Stress** -- ongoing, long-term, intolerable burden, exceeding the ability of the individual to cope, causes performance to fall sharply. |
| - | Stress, Fatigue, and Dehydration | + | Pilots experiencing this level of stress are not safe and should not exercise their airman privileges. Pilots who suspect they are suffering from chronic stress should consult a physician. |
| + | ===== Drugs, Alcohol and Medication ===== | ||
| - | Drugs, Alcohol and Medication | ||
topics/aeromedical.1534778117.txt.gz · Last modified: 2018/08/20 15:15 by evan
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