====== AF 201A Unit 27 Orientation Lesson 9 - Performance/WandB/ADM ======


The student will receive instruction on takeoff and landing
performance, weight and balance, and aeronautical decision making.

At the completion of this lesson the student should have a full
understanding of takeoff and landing performance and weight and
balance.  Additionally the student should have a basic understanding of
aeronautical decision making.

===== Takeoff and Landing Performance =====

===== Weight and Balance Computations =====

Weight X Arm = Moment

AvGas 6lb/gal

Empty weight of an aircraft (unusable fuel, undrainable oil)

===== Effect of Weight and C.G. on Aircraft Performance/Flight Char. =====

  * Overloaded aircraft
    * The aircraft needs a higher takeoff speed, which results in a longer takeoff run.
    * Both the rate and angle of climb are reduced.
    * The service ceiling is lowered.
    * The cruising speed is reduced.
    * The cruising range is shortened.
    * Maneuverability is decreased.
    * A longer landing roll is required because the landing speed is higher.
    * Excessive  loads  are  imposed  on  the  structure, especially the landing gear.

Aft CG
  * Higher cruise speed
  * Less stability in pitch
  * Difficult to recover from stall
  * Shorter takeoff roll

Forward CG
  * Longer takeoff roll
  * Longer landing roll
  * Slower cruise speed
  * Difficult or impossible to land on main gear (insufficient elevator authority)

==== Overloaded Aircraft ====

  * Higher takeoff speed 
  * Longer takeoff run 
  * Reduced rate and angle of climb 
  * Lower maximum altitude 
  * Shorter range 
  * Reduced cruising speed 
  * Reduced maneuverability 
  * Higher stalling speed 
  * Higher approach and landing speed 
  * Longer landing roll 
  * Excessive weight on the nose wheel or tail wheel 

===== Aeronautical Decision Making =====

===== Risk Management =====

[[https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/1999/september/flight-training-magazine/hazardous-attitudes|Hazardous Attitudes]]