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Table of Contents
206A - Instrument Approaches
Instrument Procedures Handbook Ch 4
Instrument Approach Charts (In)
Included in TPP publication (28 day cycle)
Current format “pilot briefing” started in 2000.
Approach name at top & bottom of approach plate
Communication Strip - in order of use
Name of the publication plus notes indicate required equipment
GPS may be used to replace VOR, DME, NDB, or compass locator for an approach
Chart Supplement and NOTAMs (Re)
Airport information lists “Radio Aids to Navigation” – this will include ILS
Approach Minimums - Inoperative Equipment (In)
See pg 1 in TPP
Approach Briefing Procedures (In)
- Briefed prior to IAF
- Briefing should include:
- FA Course
- Nav Aids
- Minimums
- Missed Approach procedures
Instrument Approach Checklists and Procedures (In)
Weather Requirements for Instrument Approaches (In)
Part 91 - No requirements to conduct the approach.
600-2 / 800-2 requirements apply for alternate airports
Part 135 – May not depart if destination forecast is below approach minimums. Weather must be above minimums before starting the instrument approach, and before crossing FAF.
Approach Procedures - Visual and Contact Approaches (In)
Visual approach – descend & land VFR. Not a true instrument approach.
Contact Approach – Must be requested by the pilot, must remain VFR (1SM/CoC), provides IFR seperation
Approach Procedures - ASR and PAR (In)
Approach Procedures - VOR (In)
Procedure Turn (In)
Used to establish the aircraft inbound on the final approach course
Barb symbol indicates pilot may use any method of PT to include:
- 45 deg method
- 80/260
- Teardrop
- Racetrack
If a specific PT is depicted, the pilot MUST fly this procedure
See ILS 20 MWA and ILS 18 LNK
Exceptions will be noted as “No PT” on the approach plate – VOR-A (LNR)
Radar Vectoring (In)
Pilots may be vectored to the IAF or onto the final approach course
Approach Procedures - Circling Approaches (In)
Approach not lined up with runway
Land on another runway
Safety area based on approach category
| Category | Radius |
| A | 1.3 |
| B | 1.5 |
| C | 1.7 |
| D | 2.3 |
| E | 4.5 |
Only circling minimums published if…
- Final approach course more than 30 degrees off runway heading
- Decent greater than 400ft/NM from FAF to TCH
- Runway not clearly defined on the airfield
Landing from an Instrument Approach (In)
Approach Procedures - Missed Approach Procedures (In)
Graphical and narrative on approach plates
When to initiate:
* ILS/LPV – at DA * Non Prec – at MDA + Time or Distance
DME Arcs - Intercepting and Tracking (In)
ILS Critical Areas (In)
Taxiway boundary sign + painting
ILS Principles of Operation (In)
Localizer
- 700ft wide at the runway threshold.
- I-XXX identifier
- Frequency is tuned on NAV radio
- 18mi range within 10 degrees (10mi within 35 degrees)
Glideslope
- Operates on UHF frequency paired to localizer frequency
- Antenna on side of runway (250-650ft away, 750-1250ft from threshold)
- 1.4 degrees wide (vertically)
- Standard is 3deg GS
- Normally usable to 10NM
- Normal intercept 1400ft AGL at OM
Approach Procedures - ILS (In)
MDH ILS 18L
Approach Procedures - Localizer (In)
Approach Procedures - LDA, SDF, and MLS (In)
LDA - Localizer Directional Aid
SDF - Simplified Direction Finder
MLS - Microwave Landing System
