Instrument Procedures Handbook Ch 4

Included in TPP publication (28 day cycle)

Current format “pilot briefing” started in 2000.

Approach name at top & bottom of approach plate

Communication Strip - in order of use

Name of the publication plus notes indicate required equipment

GPS may be used to replace VOR, DME, NDB, or compass locator for an approach

Airport information lists “Radio Aids to Navigation” – this will include ILS

See pg 1 in TPP

• Briefed prior to IAF
• Briefing should include:
  • FA Course
  • Nav Aids
  • Minimums
  • Missed Approach procedures

Expect to be cleared to a “holding fix” and then recieve “cleared….approach.” This removes the expectation to hold. The aircraft is then expected to begin the approach at the cleared holding fix via IAF or feeder route to IAF.

When cleared for the approach, the published feeder routes that lead from the enroute structure to the IAF are part of the approach clearance. (AIM 5-4-6)

“Maintain 2,700 until established, cleared ILS Runway 20 approach.”

Part 91 - No requirements to conduct the approach.

600-2 / 800-2 requirements apply for alternate airports

Part 135 – May not depart if destination forecast is below approach minimums. Weather must be above minimums before starting the instrument approach, and before crossing FAF.

Visual approach – descend & land VFR. Not a true instrument approach.

Contact Approach – Must be requested by the pilot, must remain VFR (1SM/CoC), provides IFR seperation

AIM 5-4-11 states… The only airborne radio equipment required for radar approaches is a functioning radio transmitter and receiver.

A radar approach may be given to any aircraft upon request and may be offered to pilots of aircraft in distress or to expedite traffic, however, an ASR might not be approved unless there is an ATC operational requirement, or in an unusual or emergency situation.

PAR and ASR minimums are published on separate pages in the FAA Terminal Procedures Publication (TPP).

For our area, ASR approaches are available at BLV, CMI, and SPI.

A PAR approach is available at STJ (St. Josephs, MO) which is an ANG base, class D.

Both lateral and vertical guidance. Pilots are told when to turn to maintain alignment on the landing runway and when to begin a descent to maintain the glidepath required. Pilots will be advised to fly the missed approach, if needed.

Less accurate radar used, no vertical guidance. Flown like a non-precision approach. Pilots are advised to descent to MDA or stepdown altitude by ATC. Pilots are advised to execute a missed approach at the MAP if needed.

Used to establish the aircraft inbound on the final approach course

Barb symbol indicates pilot may use any method of PT to include:

• 45 deg method
• 80/260
• Teardrop
• Racetrack

If a specific PT is depicted, the pilot MUST fly this procedure.

See ILS 20 MWA and ILS 18 LNK

Exceptions will be noted as “No PT” on the approach plate – VOR-A (LNR)

Pilots may be vectored to the IAF or onto the final approach course

Approach not lined up with runway

Land on another runway

Safety area based on approach category

Only circling minimums published if…

• Final approach course more than 30 degrees off runway heading
• Decent greater than 400ft/NM from FAF to TCH
• Runway not clearly defined on the airfield

Circling minimums provide 300ft of obstacle clearance within the radius above (AIM 5-4-5 e 2).

FAR 91.175c governs operations below DA or MDA…

To descend below DA or MDA, you must have one or more of the following in sight:

• The approach light system*
• The threshold.
• The threshold markings.
• The threshold lights.
• The runway end identifier lights.
• The visual approach slope indicator.
• The touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings.
• The touchdown zone lights.
• The runway or runway markings.
• The runway lights.

Graphical and narrative on approach plates

When to initiate:

• ILS/LPV – at DA
• Non Prec – at MDA + Time or Distance

PAH VOR/DME 22

Taxiway boundary sign + painting

Localizer

• 700ft wide at the runway threshold.
• I-XXX identifier
• Frequency is tuned on NAV radio
• 18mi range within 10 degrees (10mi within 35 degrees)

Glideslope

• Operates on UHF frequency paired to localizer frequency
• Antenna on side of runway (250-650ft away, 750-1250ft from threshold)
• 1.4 degrees wide (vertically)
• Standard is 3deg GS
• Normally usable to 10NM
• Normal intercept 1400ft AGL at OM

MDH ILS 18L

FOA LOC/DME 21

LDA - Localizer Directional Aid

SDF - Simplified Direction Finder

MLS - Microwave Landing System

When to Switch to Green Needles